POINTWISE MUTUAL INFORMATION QUANTIFIES INTRATUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN TISSUE SECTIONS LABELED WITH MULTIPLE FLUORESCENT BIOMARKERS

Pointwise mutual information quantifies intratumor heterogeneity in tissue sections labeled with multiple fluorescent biomarkers

Background: Measures of spatial intratumor heterogeneity are potentially important diagnostic biomarkers for cancer progression, proliferation, and response to therapy.Spatial relationships among cells including cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are key contributors to heterogeneity.Methods: We demonstrate how to quantify

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Subtle Phenotype Differences in Psychiatric Patients With and Without Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Synapsin

The discovery that antibodies targeting neuronal antigens can induce severe psychiatric symptoms has been a significant progress in the understanding of psychiatric disorders.Antibodies targeting synapsin I in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were first reported in 2015 in a patient with limbic encephalitis.Because of its regulatory function for

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